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Habagat Rain and Transboundary Haze: Malacañang Mandates Alternative Learning Modes Under MC 134

Editorial Disclaimer: This public service advisory, environmental health analysis, and governance explainer covers Malacañang’s issuance of Memorandum Circular No. 134 on September 4, 2026. It examines the simultaneous impact of the enhanced Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) and transboundary haze from Indonesian peatland fires, outlining policy implementation across basic and higher education institutions, local government autonomy, and…